| 释义 | perianth Bot.|ˈpɛrɪænθ|
Formerly in L. form perianthium.
[app. directly after F. périanthe (Rousseau 1771–7), ad. mod.L. perianthium (17th c. in Ray), f. Gr. περί about + ἄνθος flower (after Gr. περικάρπιον: see pericarp).]
1. A structure surrounding, or forming the outer part of, a flower; a floral envelope.
†a. In earlier use, a synonym of calyx; and, like it, applied also to an involucre or whorl of bracts, as that at the base of the flower-head in the Compositæ. Obs.
α [1686Ray Hist. Plant. I. 22 Semina..quæ nullo præter perianthium..tegmine donantur.] 1706Phillips, Perianthium, or Calyx (among Herbalists) the Flower-cup in most Plants. 1748Phil. Trans. XLV. 169 The Bud or Rudiment..appears in Autumn wrapped up in a conic scaly Perianthium. 1762Ehret in Phil. Trans. LIII. 82 At the base of this..petal is situated an irregular..triphyllous periantheum. 1806J. Galpine Brit. Bot. 44* Stratiotes. Spatha 2-leaved. Perianthium superior, 3-cleft.
β1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxi, The early Hepatica..has a perianth of three leaves, which being remote from the flower, is rather an involucre than a calyx. Ibid. xxvi, The calyx or perianth common to the whole flower.
b. Now, The outer part or envelope of a flower, which encloses the essential organs (stamens and pistils); either double, i.e. the calyx and corolla collectively, esp. when so much alike as to appear to constitute a single part; or single, when there is only one, which may be either green (sepaloid) like an ordinary calyx, or coloured (petaloid) like an ordinary corolla.
1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 477 The Dicotyledonous plants with a double perianth, but with the corolla formed of a single petal attached to the calyx. 1835Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 326 The word Perianth signifies the calyx and corolla combined. 1857Henfrey Bot. §189 A large number of the Monocotyledonous orders possess a petaloid perianth; that is, there are two circles of petaloid organs, which, from their resemblance, or their actual coherence, have the appearance of a single hexamerous whorl. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §1 (ed. 6) 164.
c. In liverworts, a leafy or membranous covering surrounding the archegonium; in mosses, the cluster of leaves surrounding the sexual organs in the ‘flower’.
1857Henfrey Bot. §320 (Hepaticæ) The vaginule,..the circle of leaves, often confluent, surrounding it, form the perigone, perianth or involucel. 1866Treas. Bot. 863 [In liverworts] the involucre and perianth coexist sometimes in the same plant. 1875Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs' Bot. 293 Besides the envelopes just named [perichætium, etc.], there is also often in Hepaticæ (but not in Mosses) a so-called Perianth, which grows as an annular wall at the base of the archegonium, and finally surrounds it as an open sac.
2. attrib. and Comb., as perianth-leaf, perianth-segment, perianth-tube, perianth-whorl.
1870Hooker Stud. Flora 356 Herminium..Perianth-segments incurved. Ibid. 362 Trichonema..spathe longer than the perianth-tube. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 556 Both of the trimerous perianth-whorls petaloid.
Hence † periˈantheous, periˈanthial adjs., having, or pertaining to, a perianth.
1857Mayne Expos. Lex., Periantheus, Bot., applied to a flower provided with a..perianth: periantheous. |
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