| 单词 | Gaussian |
| 释义 | Gaussian, a.|ˈgaʊsɪən|
[f. the name of K. F. Gauss (see gauss) + -ian.]
a. Discovered or formulated by Gauss.
1874Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1873 75 Gaussian logarithms have for their object to facilitate the finding of the logarithms of the sum and difference of two numbers whose logarithms are known, the numbers being themselves unknown. 1881Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. XII. 187 On the Gaussian Theory of Surfaces. By Prof. Cayley. 1897A. G. Webster Theory Electr. & Magn. ii. ix. 367 We may, when dealing with electrical quantities, assume that the dimensions of the electrical inductivity are zero. This gives the electrostatic system of units. We may.., when dealing with magnetic quantities, assume that the dimensions of the magnetic inductivity are zero. This gives the magnetic system. Both these systems are due to Gauss, and when we use both systems for their respective kinds of quantities, we shall say that the quantities are measured in Gaussian units. 1957B. & B. I. Bleaney Electr. & Magn. xxiii. 646 In electromagnetic theory Maxwell's equations involve both electrical and magnetic units, and in the c.g.s. system they are generally written in mixed or Gaussian units.
b. Statistics. Designating a curve, frequency distribution, or statistical process, etc., that is described mathematically by a function of the form exp (-x2/2σ2)/√(2πσ2), where x is the variable.
1905K. Pearson in Biometrika IV. 173 Many of the other remedies which have been proposed to supplement what I venture to call the universally recognised inadequacy of the Gaussian law..cannot..effectively describe the chief deviations from the Gaussian distribution. Ibid. 189 In writing for Germans I naturally spoke of the Gaussian curve. 1920Biometrika XIII. 10 To get the Gaussian or normal curve we must..replace differences by differentials and we have (dy/dx)/y = -x/σ02. Ibid. 15 The so-called Gaussian or normal curve was first introduced into statistics as a rough and ready solution for the sum of a certain number of terms in a definite hypergeometrical series. 1968P. A. P. Moran Introd. Probability Theory ix. 424 The homogeneous additive process in which the distribution of x(t1) - x(t2) is always a normal distribution is known by various names as the Gaussian, normal, Wiener, or Brownian process. |
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