| 释义 | Parma1|ˈpɑːmə|
The name of a city in northern Italy, used attrib. or absol. to designate products associated with the region, as Parma ham, a local type of ham which is eaten uncooked; Parma violet, (a) a cultivated violet with double, scented flowers, usually light or deep purple, belonging to a group of cultivars of Viola alba; a crystallized flower of this kind; (b) a perfume manufactured from a flower of this type or imitating its scent; (c) a deep or medium shade of purple.
[1960E. David French Provincial Cooking 134 It is a common misconception that all hams eaten raw, including that of Parma, are smoked.] 1964A. Launay Caviare & After vii. 54 The Bayonne and Parma hams are served raw. 1966‘J. Melville’ Nell Alone i. 21 She's doing a lot of eating..Parma ham, tinned stuff, the best coffee. 1971Sunday Times (Colour Suppl.) 27 June 50/3 Parma ham..and Westphalian smoked ham, all eaten raw, have always been popular with gourmets. 1976E. Ward Hanged Man xx. 118 Eggs and Parma ham and oven-hot bread and coffee.
1856,1880Parma violet [see violet n.1 2 a]. 1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 521/1 Perfumes... Opoponax. Parma Violet. Peau d'Espagne. 1919K. Mansfield in Art & Lett. II. 155 A stout lady in blue serge, with a bunch of artificial ‘parmas’ at her bosom. 1922Weekly Dispatch 10 Dec. 15 A leather set in the new shade of violet. Something between purple and parma, this hue will soon be the rage. 1923Daily Mail 7 Feb. 1 (Advt.), Black, Navy,..Parma. Ibid. 12 Feb. 1 (Advt.), Shades: Fawn, Grey, Lovat, Parma, Browns. 1932New Flora & Silva IV. 190 The origin of the Parma Violet has never been satisfactorily elucidated... There are many violets growing round Naples, but none..which I have seen suggest themselves as parents of the Parma. 1938G. L. Zambra Violets vii. 62 The family of Parma violets gives the sweetest perfume, the longest flowering season, and the handsomest foliage of all the double violets. 1954‘M. Cost’ Invitation from Minerva 96 A frock..parma-violet in colour. 1956Punch 23 May 626/1 If the modest violet is employed it must be..a shameless bunch of Parmas. 1963R. D. Meikle Garden Flowers 105 The delicious Parma Violet, with smaller, rather glossy leaves, and slender-stalked flowers, is probably a form of Viola alba Bess., found wild (with innumerable variations) over most of the Mediterranean area and Asia Minor. 1970Observer 1 Feb. 32/7 Dior: Parma violet coat. 1970I. Origo Images & Shadows ii. 60 The ladies in summer gowns..leaving behind them a faint aroma of lavender and Parma violet. 1974Country Life 25 Apr. 1025/2 Using parma violet or electric blue, she sprinkles these vibrating colours through the wardrobe. 1977Times 14 June 18/6 Women in the chocolate factory..place walnuts and Parma violets on to the store's handmade confectionery. |
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