| 释义 | ▪ I. pickaxe, pickax, n.|ˈpɪkæks|
Forms: α. 4 pyk-, pycoys(e, pykois(e, 4–5 picois, pikoys, 5 pikoise, pic(k)oys, -oss, pycos(s, pykoys, pecoyse, pyquoys, pycows. β. 4–5 pykeys, 5 pikeys, pykeis, -as, picas, peyckes, 6 pykes. γ. 5 pek-ex, picaxse, 5–7 pykax, pykeaxe, 6 pikeax, 6–7 pickeax(e, 7– pickax, 8– pickaxe.
[ME. pikoys, picois, a. OF. picois pickaxe (11th c.), med.L. picosi-um, connected with OF. pic: see pike n.1 The later form arose from confounding the suffix with axe n. Pickis, peckis survive in s.w. dial.]
A tool consisting of a curved iron bar with two sharp points at the ends and a handle set at right angles in the middle, used for digging or breaking up hard ground, stones, etc.; a miner's, quarryman's, or digger's pick: = pick n.1 1. In early use often identified with a mattock.[1157–8Grt. Rolls of Pipe 2–4 Hen. II (1844) 168 In Picosiis .xiii.s. & .v.d. 1292in J. Stevenson Histor. Doc., Scotl. (1870) 344, iiij testes de pykoys.] α1329–30Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 17, j pykoys..emend. pykoss' molendini. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 307 Eche man to pleye with a plow, pykoys or spade. 1382Wyclif Joel iii. 10 Bete..ȝour plowis in to swerdis, and ȝour pikoysis [gloss or mattokis] in to speris. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 1153 Yit toles moo The mattok, twyble, picoys forth to goo. 14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 627/20 Ligo, pycows. 1458in Leland Itin. (1769) VII. 80 The peple preved her power with the pecoyse [rime noyse]. 1481Caxton Godeffroy xcii. 142 Grete plente of pyquoys. 1483Cath. Angl. 31 A Byll or A pickoss, fossorium, ligo. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xiv. 37 Pycosis, sawes, axes, nayles.
β1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 941 Mattok is a pykeys, Or a pyke, as sum men says. c1400Sowdone Bab. 387 Every man Shulde withe Pikeys or with bille The Wallis over throwe. c1440Promp. Parv. 397/1 Pykeys, mattokke, ligo, marra. 1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i. xxxv. 31 b/1 He founde neyther pykeys ne shouel for to make a pytt or graue. 1495in I. S. Leadam Star Chamb. Cases 54 Item j peyckes iiijd. 1495Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 150 A pykas & ij pyles shoue weying xiij lb. 1497Ibid. 84 Picases..Shovills..Scopes. a1529Skelton Poems agst. Garnesche Wks. 1843 I. 122 A pykes or a twybyll. 1842G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sketches, E. Devon (1853) 18 (E.D.D.) Wi' shoulder'd shule and peckiss. 1887Dawson Bp. Hannington vi, At 7 a.m. we all turned out with pickisses, two-bills, crowbars and spades.
γc1440Jacob's Well 266 Of þe howe or a pek-ex wher⁓wyth ȝe muste stubbe out þe grauel. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxviii. 581 We shall take eche of vs a pykeaxe. 1494Fabyan Chron. iv. lxix. 48 With a Pykax or Mattoke, with his owne hande, breke the grounde. Ibid. vii. 497 With longe pycaxses and sharpe, approched them vnto the wallys. 1530Palsgr. 254/1 Picke axe, picq, hoiau, pique de fer. 1578T. N. Conq. W. India 332 Twelve labourers with pikeaxes and shovels. 1610Holland Camden's Brit., Irel. ii. 151 An yron toole, to wit, a Pykax. 1611Cotgr., Picquois, a Pickax. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 43 ⁋10 A single stroke of the pick-ax. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 138 Solid rock, so hard and so thick, as to bid defiance to the pick-axes and the mattocks of our labourers. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiii. III. 354 The weapons by which the Highlanders could be most effectually subdued were the pickaxe and the spade.
b. attrib. and Comb. pickaxe team, a pair of horses with a third horse in front, a unicorn team.
1878in J. Philipson Harness (1882) 51, I have driven pick⁓axe teams..but although safer than a tandem, I cannot say I like that single leader. 1882Gard. Chron. XVII. 25 The pickaxe-beaked starling. 1895Kipling 2nd Jungle Bk. 108 The things his pick-axe beak might steal. 1899Daily News 19 Oct. 7/1 Her jaw has a pickaxe-like motion.
▪ II. ˈpickaxe, ˈpickax, v.
[f. prec. n.]
a. trans. To break with a pickaxe.
b. intr. To work with or use a pickaxe.
1887Frith Autobiog. II. 83 The workmen..pickaxing away the lava and ashes. 1892Temple Bar Mag. Nov. 417 The cliff has been blasted and pickaxed away. |
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