| 单词 | ophiolite |
| 释义 | ophiolite|ˈɒfɪəlaɪt|
[f. ophio- + -lite.]
a. Min. A name for serpentine (obs.) or a mixture of serpentine with other minerals (= verd-antique): see quots.
1848in Craig. 1862Dana Elem. Geol. viii. 82 Ophiolite (or verd-antique marble). A variegated mixture of serpentine and either carbonate of lime (calcareous ophiolite), dolomite (dolomitic ophiolite), or carbonate of magnesia or magnesite (magnesitic ophiolite). 1876Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. viii. 158 The name serpentine, or its learned equivalents—ophite and ophiolite.
b. Geol. Any of a group of basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks, including serpentinite and serpentinized peridotite, gabbro, and diabase, which occur associated with pillow lava and radiolarian chert in a characteristic pattern of layers in the Alps and certain other regions and are thought to have been formed as a result of the submarine eruption of oceanic crustal and upper mantle material; so ophiolite suite or association, the assemblage of ophiolites, pillow lava, and radiolarian chert.
This use originated in Ger. with the recognition of the association by G. Steinmann (Ber. d. naturforsch. Ges. zu Freiburg i. Br. (1906) XVI. 18–49).
1937A. L. Du Toit Our Wandering Continents viii. 168 There is a wide development in Morocco, Spain and the Alpine region of the so-called greenstones or ‘ophiolites’. 1963Spec. Papers Geol. Soc. Amer. No. 73. 204 Throughout the Alpine-Himalayan system extensive lavas occur in close association with coarse mafic and ultramafic rocks... This assemblage is the ophiolite suite of Alpine writers. It seems to represent long pre-orogenic extrusion of ultramafic magma. 1970J. C. Maxwell in Johnson & Smith Megatectonics of Continents & Oceans viii. 181 The assemblage of igneous rocks which Europeans call ophiolites seems incompatible with the dominantly sedimentary melange in which it typically occurs. 1971I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth iv. 132/2 The former is dominantly volcanic (a thick sequence of ophiolites with subsidiary cherts, carbonates and pelites). 1972Sci. Amer. May 65/3 Within the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt are narrow zones characterized by a distinctive assemblage of rocks, known as the ophiolite suite. Ibid. 66/3 The Ural and Appalachian-Caledonian mountain belts..have narrow zones where ophiolites are found... This implies that the Urals, for example, were created by the collision of two continental masses and that the ophiolites were generated by sea-floor spreading at a ridge axis before the continents were brought together. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 166 The whole assemblage of sea-floor basalts and associated upper-mantle peridotites is known as the ophiolite association. |
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