| 释义 | asperity|əˈspɛrɪtɪ|
Forms: 3–5 asprete, 6 asperite, -tie, 6– -ty.
[a. OF. asprete (mod. âpreté):—L. asperitātem, f. asper rough: see -ty. Subseq. assimilated to the L. word.]
1. Unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness; concr. in pl. sharp, rough, or rugged excrescences.
1491Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W.) i. xxxvii. 50 a/1, Fewe people wente for to see him, for the grete asprete or sharp⁓nesse of the place. 1578Lyte Dodoens 246 Iuyce of Mynte..taketh away the asperitie, and roughnesse of the tongue. 1662H. More Antid. Ath. ii. xii. (1712) 84 To view the Asperities of the Moon through a Dioptrick-glass. 1743tr. Heister's Surg. 396 If any splinters or Asperities of Bones present themselves. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 25 Almost all Delimaceæ have the leaves covered with asperities.
2. Roughness of savour, tartness, acridity, acrimony. arch.
1620Venner Via Recta v. 87 Very good for the asperity and siccity of the stomacke. 1667Phil. Trans. II. 512 Esteeming the Mass of bloud by reason of its asperity..unfit for nutrition. 1747Berkeley Siris §86 (T.) The asperity of tartarous salts.
3. Harshness of sound, grating quality. arch.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 239 The shrilness and asperity of the noise they make. 1750Johnson Rambl. No. 88 ⁋12 Our language, of which the chief defect is ruggedness and asperity. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. 167 A place in Egypt, which he could not specify on account of its asperity.
4. Of literary style: Ruggedness, lack of polish, inelegance. arch.
1779Johnson Cowley Wks. II. 66 Avoids with very little care either meanness or asperity. ― Philips ibid. II. 293 Those asperities that are venerable in the Paradise Lost are contemptible in the Blenheim.
5. fig. Harshness to the feelings, rigour, severity; hence, hardship, difficulty. (The earliest sense; arch. exc. in
b. Bitter coldness, rigour, bleakness.)
c1230Ancr. R. 354 Vilte and asprete..scheome and pine..beoð þe two leddre stalen þet beoð upriht to þe heouene. a1535More Wks. 1218 (R.) To..minysh the vygour and asperite of the paynes. 1659Hardy Serm. 1 John xlix. (1865) 318/1 This oil [of gladness]..mitigateth the asperity of affliction. 1750Johnson Rambl. No. 80 ⁋4 The nakedness and asperity of the wintry world. 1866Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 7/5 The great asperity of the climate in winter.
6. Harshness or sharpness of temper, esp. when displayed in tone or manner; crabbedness, bitterness, acrimony; in pl. harsh, embittered feelings.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. Apol. 554 Animosities, and asperities of mind about toys and trifles. 1757Johnson Rambl. No. 176 ⁋8 Quickness of resentment and asperity of reply. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. iii. (C.D. ed.) 13 Demanded with much asperity what she meant. |
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