| 释义 | -yl|ɪl, aɪl|
formerly occas. -ule, a terminal element of chemical terms, ad. G. -yl, f. Gr. ὕλη wood, matter, substance (see hyle), used for ‘chemical principle, radical’. It was introduced by Wöhler and Liebig (Ann. der Pharm. (1832) III. 262), and first used by them in the term benzoyl; other early names were éthyle (éthule), élayle (Berzelius), dadyle, peucyle, citronyle, citryle (Blanchet and Sell). Some fifteen in anglicized form, including acetyl, amyl, cinnamyl, glyceryl, salicyl, appear in the Elements of Chemistry by T. Graham, 1842, who also invented the general term basyle for a body which unites with oxygen to form a base. Methyl is peculiar in being a back-formation from methylene.
-yl is used in forming the names of radicals compounded of two or three elements in various atomic proportions, which behave in combination like simple elements and are the constant bases of series of compounds (though they may not be themselves obtainable in a free state). Thus carbonyl CO, hydroxyl HO, sulphuryl SO2, are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur respectively. The greater number are compounds of carbon and hydrogen, either alone, as amyl, ethyl, deutyl, trityl, or with oxygen, as acetyl, lactyl. b. Now also in more formal use in Org. Chem.
1952Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 5075 Rule 58.5. Radicals derived from amino-acids which have trivial names in ine by removal of OH from all {b1}CH(NH2)·CO2H and related groups will be named by replacing the ending ine with yl. 1965Recommended Names for Chemicals used in Industry (B.S.I.) 11 Univalent radicals derived from cycloalkanes with no side chain are named by replacing the ending ‘-ane’ of the hydrocarbon name by ‘-yl’. 1966[see furyl]. 1971Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 3) A. 5 Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by replacing the ending ‘-ane’ of the name of the hydrocarbon by ‘-yl’. Ibid. B. 70 Univalent heterocyclic radicals whose names end in ‘-yl’. Ibid. C. 128 Radicals derived from unsubstituted ring assemblies are named by adding ‘-yl’,..etc., to the name of the assembly. |
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