| 释义 | ‖ onycha|ˈɒnɪkə|
Also 5 onica, 7 onicha.
[L. onycha = Gr. ὄνυχα, accus. of ὄνυξ onyx; in med.L. onic(h)a, treated as indecl. or as fem. of 1st decl. The Greek word in the accus. occurs in LXX, Exod. xxx. 34; in the nom. ὄνυξ in Ecclus. xxiv. 16; in the latter case the Vulgate renders it ungula, but in the former leaves onycha in its Greek form; this, being app. not recognized as the accus. of onyx, was treated by mediæval writers as a distinct word; hence in Eng. versions of the Bible.]
One of the ingredients in the incense used in the Mosaic ritual; the operculum of a species of Strombus, or other marine mollusc, which emits a penetrating aroma when burnt.
This sense of Gr. ὄνυξ, app. due to the resemblance of the πῶµα κογχυλίου ‘lid of a shell’, or operculum, to a finger-nail, occurs in Dioscorides 1. 2, where also mention is made of its fragrant odour ‘resembling castor to some degree’ when burnt.
1382Wyclif Exod. xxx. 34 Tak to thee swete smellynge thinges, stacten, and onycha [1388 onyca], galbantum of good smel [Vulg. sume..stacten et onycha, galbanum boni odoris, LXX λάβε..στακτήν, ὄνυχα, χαλβάνην ἡδυσµοῦ]. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxii. (1495) 713 Thimiama is a certen confeccyon: moost precyously ordenyd and made of Onica and of Stacten, of Galbanus of Thus. 1611Bible Exod. xxx. 34 Take vnto thee sweete spices, Stacte, and Onicha, and Galbanum [so R.V. 1885; Coverdale had Balme, Stacte, Galban, and pure franckencense]. 1732tr. Calmet's Dict. Bible, Onycha, or Onyx, this Word..is put for the odoriferous Nail or Shell, and for the Stone named Onyx... The greatest Part of Commentators explain it by the Onyx, or the odoriferous Shell, which is a Shell like to that of the Shell-fish called Purpura. 1865Public Opin. 7 Jan. 19 The manufacture of perfume by mingling stacte, onycha, and galbanum with pure frankincense. |
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