| 释义 | ‖ Pahlavi, a. and n.|ˈpɑːləviː|
Also Pehlavi, Pehlevee, Pehleví |ˈpɛːləviː|, Pehlví.
[Persian Pahlaví, Parthian, f. Pahlav:—Parthava, Parthia.]
The name given by the followers of Zoroaster to the character in which are written the ancient translations of their sacred books and some other works of the same age; now used generally to designate a kind of written language, or rather a mode of writing the language, used in Persia under the Sásánian kings; loosely, Old Persian. Also Pehlevian.
‘The hot strife which raged till recently as to whether Pahlaví is Semitic or Persian has been closed by the discovery that it is merely a way of writing Persian, in which the Persian words are partly represented—to the eye not to the ear—by their Semitic equivalents’. Thus ‘for bread they wrote lhma, i.e. the Aramaic laḥmá, but they pronounced nán, which is the common Persian word for bread. Similarly bsra, the Aramaic besrá flesh, was pronounced as the Persian gósht’. The alphabet actually used was derived from the Old Aramaic. Prof. Nöldeke in Encycl. Brit.
1773W. Jones tr. Astarabadi's Hist. Nader Shah App. 159 Barzuien learned the Indian tongue, and, having..procured a copy of the book, translated it into the Pehlevian dialect: about an hundred and forty years after, his work was turned from Pehlevi into Arabick. 1777J. Richardson Dict. Persian, Arabic, & Eng. p. iv/2 The idiom of Farsistan (Persia Proper)..had an extensive range over the most civilized of the lower districts: whilst the Pehlavi prevailed chiefly around the Mazenderan or Caspian Sea. 1789[see Zend 1]. 1815M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom of Caubul ii. iv. 191 Some of these Zend and Pehlevee words are, however, common to the Shanscrit. 1831Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) III. 691/1 About the era of Mahomet..the learned had a language of their own, which had the name of the Pahlavi. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 479/2 A history of Persia in the Pehlvi dialect. 1855Lepsius Stand. Alph. (1863) 120 It approaches most nearly to the Pehlevi writing. 1859Fitzgerald tr. Omar vi, In divine High piping Pehlevi..the Nightingale cries to the Rose. 1885Th. Nöldeke in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 134/2 At first sight the Pahlaví books present the strangest spectacle of mixture of speech. Ibid. 136/1 Very little profane literature still exists in Pahlaví; the romance of Ardashír has been mentioned above. Ibid., A Pahlavi grammar is of course an impossibility. 1950R. G. Kent Old Persian 6/2 Middle Iranian includes the Iranian dialects as they appear from about 300 b.c. to about 900 a.d. They are in general called Pahlavi. Ibid. 7/1 Arsacid Pahlavi was the official language of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, which ruled from 250 b.c. to 226 a.d... The Sasanian or South⁓west Pahlavi was the official language of the Sasanian dynasty, which ruled from 226 a.d. until..652. 1968K. Jahn Rypka's Hist. Iranian Lit. 34 There is a great wealth of Middle Persian book-literature, usually known as Pahlavi literature. The language is also called book-Pahlavi. 1972W. B. Lockwood Panorama Indo-European Lang. 235 Middle Persian or Pahlavi, as the language of this literature is also called. |
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