| 释义 | polyarchy|ˈpɒlɪɑːkɪ|
Also 7–8 erron. polygarchy.
[ad. Gr. πολυαρχία rule by many, f. πολυ-, poly- + -αρχία rule. The β form polygarchy, after med.L. polygarchia, obs. F. poligarchie, Sp. poligarquia, Pg. polygarchia, It. poligarchia, arising (in med.L. or the Romanic langs.) from assimilation to oligarchia, oligarchy, was the usual one in 17–18th c.]
1. The government of a state or city by many: contrasted with monarchy.
1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. (1634) 5 The Bees abhor as well Polyarchy as Anarchy. 1686J. Scott Chr. Life (1696) 56 Any Government..whether it be Monarchy or Polyarchy. 1823Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 615 The inevitable ruin which a polyarchy of independent Juntas would bring on. 1890J. H. Stirling Gifford Lect. viii. 153 Polyarchy is anarchy.
β [1611Cotgr., Poligarchie, a monarchie diuided into sundrie parts; or such a diuision.] 1643Herle Answ. Ferne 32 The extreames of these three kinds of..Government are tyrannie, oligarchie, polygarchie (i.e.) of one, of many, and of all, when arbitrary and unbounded in their governments. 1656Blount Glossogr., Polygarchy. 1706Phillips, Polygarchy, the Government of a Commonwealth in the Hands of many. 1721–90Bailey, Polygarchy. 1804Ann. Reg. 682 It was thought that an infallible remedy had been discovered for popular convulsions in a polygarchy.
¶b. (erron. use, after heptarchy.) A group of many kingdoms.
1826Southey Vind. Eccl. Angl. 68 Wessex, one of the most flourishing kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon polyarchy. 1832–4De Quincey Cæsars Wks. 1862 IX. 200 A polyarchy (such as the Saxons established in England).
2. Bot. [f. polyarch; cf. dichogamy, heterostyly, etc.] The condition of being polyarch.
1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 357 The thick roots of Iris, Asparagus, Smilax (Sarsaparilla), Palms, &c., are examples of a high degree of polyarchy. |
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