| 释义 | pochard|ˈpəʊtʃ-, ˈpəʊkəd, ˈpɒtʃ-, ˈpɒkəd|
Forms: α. 6 pocharde, (8 poachard), 7– pochard. β. 6–9 pocard, 7 pocker, -ard, 9 pockard, 7– poker.
[Of uncertain origin: perh. augmentative of OF. and mod.F. poche, in mod.F. poche-cuiller the spoonbill: see -ard. (But there is little likeness between the pochard and the spoonbill.) It might also be a deriv. of poach v.2, poke v.1 The pronunciation seems quite unfixed. Prof. A. Newton makes the ch = k; but Johnson made it as in poacher.]
A European diving bird, Fuligula or æthyia ferina, of the family Anatidæ, characterized by the bright reddish-brown colour of the head and neck; also called red-headed pochard, poker, wigeon, red-eyed poker, dun-bird. Also applied to other species, as the African p., æthyia or Fuligula capensis; the red-crested p., F. or Nyroca rufina, of India; the tufted p., A. or F. cristata, of Europe and Asia; and in U.S. to the red-head, Anas americana.
α1552Elyot, Boscha, a water foule like to a ducke, but somwhat lesse: I iudge it a pocharde. 1611Cotgr., Albrent,..a Pochard. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. iii. 367 The Poker, or Pochard, or great read-headed Wigeon. 1752J. Hill Hist. Anim. 431 The Anas, with grey wings, and a black rump. The Pochard. 1755Johnson, Poachard, a kind of water fowl. 1820Jodrell s.v., I know no reason, why Johnson should have..printed this word..differently from any other author, and spelled it ‘poachard’. 1882Three in Norway viii. 65 A brood of pochards under the leadership of the old duck. 1894Speight Nidderdale 203 The bittern, pochard, scaup, common scoter and the tufted duck have been seen in the park. 1894Newton Dict. Birds 734 Pochard, Pockard or Poker, names properly belonging to the male of a species of Duck (the female of which is known as the Dunbird).
β1598Florio, Bosca, a bird called a pocard. 1674Dent Let. in Ray's Lett. (1718) 21, I have put up in a Box some Water Fowl, viz. a Pocker, a Smew,..a Widgeon, and a Whewer. 1678Poker [see α]. 1706Phillips, Pocard, a kind of water-fowl. 1709Derham in Phil. Trans. XXVI. 466 Anas fera fusca... The Poker. 1768Pennant Zool. II. 470 The Pochard... In London markets..known by the name of Dun birds. 1843Yarrell Hist. Birds III. 233 The Pochard, or Dun-bird, for this species is known by various names, as Red-headed Poker, and Red-eyed Poker..is a winter visiter to this country. 1895A. Patterson Man & Nature 85 We blazed away several times, pickin' up near twenty pokers (pochards).
b. attrib. and Comb., as pochard-duck; pochard-grass, dial. some water-plant, app. a species of Polygonum (Newton Dict. Birds 735 note).
1833Baird in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club I. No. 1. 16 He had..received..a specimen of the pochard duck (Anas ferina Lin.). 1879R. Lubbock Fauna Norf. 137 A particular weed,—Pochard Grass, as it is called. |
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